Urinary incontinence is more common in women than men because they have a shorter urethra and in some cases, pregnancy and natural childbirth can compound the issue. There are multiple types of urinary incontinence, requiring different treatment approaches.
Stress Incontinence
Simple stressors, such as sneezing or coughing, can lead to loss of bladder control. In most instances, there is only a loss of small amounts of urine, but in more severe cases or if there is enough stress on the body (such as heavy lifting), there can be a complete loss of bladder control. Stress urinary incontinence is usually managed with a combination of exercises and the use of protective undergarments or pads. Exercises aim to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which are responsible for stopping the flow of urine. Since it can be difficult to do the exercises correctly, it is a good idea to practice in the bathroom by starting the flow of urine, holding it for a few seconds, and releasing the urine. Once you understand which muscles are involved, you can perform the exercises at any time.
Bladder Issues
Several issues related to the bladder can cause incontinence. One issue is experiencing an abrupt and strong urge to urinate that can result in loss of bladder control. A major problem with this type of incontinence is it can be unpredictable and once the urge happens, there may not be enough time to make it to the bathroom. You may also experience powerful urges, even when there is not urine to empty, making it difficult to determine when you truly need to urinate. The bladder not emptying completely is another possibility. When this occurs, you may go the bathroom, but shortly afterward, experience incontinence because there is residual urine in the bladder. Some medications can help both types of incontinence by reducing powerful urges and helping you fully empty your bladder. Less commonly, prolapse of the bladder may cause incontinence.
Non-Urinary Causes
Incontinence may occur due to problems not directly related to the urinary system. Any condition that affects the nerves related to the bladder can lead to incontinence. For example, people with multiple sclerosis may experience incontinence if the disease damages the nerves responsible for the sensation of urgency or the ability to hold urine. If you are developing musculoskeletal issues that make movement difficult, this may lead to incontinence because it may be difficult to reach the bathroom in time. Both issues may require the use of incontinence products or an external female catheter at night. Reducing fluid intake and avoiding beverages that increase urination, such as caffeine, can reduce accidents.
Female urinary incontinence is a complex issue because it can be caused by any number of factors. Talking with your doctor and potentially a specialist can help you identify the exact cause and develop a treatment plan that reduces or eliminates accidents.
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